Recycling sewage sludge into ceramic materials: A review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Huge amounts of unwanted sewage sludge are generated in the process of wastewater treatment, calling for methods to recycle sewage sludges into value-added...     

夏热冬冷地区屋顶绿化全年能耗削减及成本效益

绿化屋顶的降温节能效益已有诸多文献报导,但专门针对夏热冬冷地区不同屋顶绿化模式的全年能耗模拟研究并不多见.以南京为例,采用EnergyPlus模型分析粗放、半密集、密集3类典型屋顶绿化的全年建筑能耗削减效应及季节规律,基于降温节能价值开展成本效益分析.结果 表明,屋顶绿化能够通过蒸散与隔离作用调节建筑屋顶表面温度,夏季以降温为主,最大降温幅度为29.3℃,冬季以保温为主,最高升温幅度为13℃.夏冬两季屋顶表面温度的降低/升高分别引起建筑制冷/热负荷的削减:粗放、半密集、密集3种绿化屋顶夏季制冷负荷削减率分别为-0.4％、2％和2.4％,冬季制热负荷分别降低16.5％、23.1％和28.3％,全年建筑能耗削减率为1.9％、4.9％和5.9％,其中,顶层能耗削减占削减总量的11％～71％.成本效益分析结果表明,密集型屋顶绿化的财务净现值最大、投资回报率最高,但3类绿化屋顶在40年生命周期内均无法通过能耗削减效益收回投资成本.研究结果可为同气候区屋顶绿化设计与推广提供参考.     

Research progress and hot spots of hydrothermal liquefaction for bio-oil production based on bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass used HTL reaction under high temperature and pressure to produce bio-oil. This technology is considered as...     

常州市春节期间污染物相关性分析

分析了常州市2017年春节前后各污染物浓度的关联性和差异性。结果表明,除O_3外,春节期间各污染物均值均低于春节前后,春节前后随着污染源的变化,污染物之间的相关性表现出较为明显的差异。SO_2与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO和NO_2的相关性均较春节前后有显著下降;爆竹集中燃放时间段,CO与综合指数、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)之间的相关系数0.96;而在烟花爆竹燃放相对较少的初三和初四,该相关系数0.6。工业减产停产和机动车使用减少对空气质量改善有较大贡献,而在不利气象条件下,烟花爆竹可导致空气质量在短时间内恶化。     

Magnetotactic bacteria: Characteristics and environmental applications

• Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) synthesize magnetic nanoparticle within magnetosomes. • The morphologic and phylogenetic diversity of MTB were summarized. • Isolation and mass cultivation of MTB deserve extensive research for applications. • MTB can remove heavy metals, radionuclides, and organic pollutants from wastewater. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are a group of Gram-negative prokaryotes that respond to the geomagnetic field. This unique property is attributed to the intracellular magnetosomes, which contains membrane-bound nanocrystals of magnetic iron minerals. This review summarizes the most recent advances in MTB, magnetosomes, and their potential applications especially the environmental pollutant control or remediation. The morphologic and phylogenetic diversity of MTB were first introduced, followed by a critical review of isolation and cultivation methods. Past research has devoted to optimize the factors, such as oxygen, carbon source, nitrogen source, nutrient broth, iron source, and mineral elements for the growth of MTB. Besides the applications of MTB in modern biological and medical fields, little attention was made on the environmental applications of MTB for wastewater treatment, which has been summarized in this review. For example, applications of MTB as adsorbents have resulted in a novel magnetic separation technology for removal of heavy metals or organic pollutants in wastewater. In addition, we summarized the current advance on pathogen removal and detection of endocrine disruptor which can inspire new insights toward sustainable engineering and practices. Finally, the new perspectives and possible directions for future studies are recommended, such as isolation of MTB, genetic modification of MTB for mass production and new environmental applications. The ultimate objective of this review is to promote the applications of MTB and magnetosomes in the environmental fields.     

屏蔽服冷却系统对人体表面温度影响的研究*

为科学有效地论证多种方式组合的冷却屏蔽服在不同环境条件下对人体表面温度控制的效果，需要对冷却系统及人体敏感部位发热量进行客观评估。通过对5名健康男性的高温测试，探究人体在不同环境温度下体表温度的变化，得出胸部、背部及额头为热量最高部位，并构建以“人体-降温屏蔽服-外界环境”为主体的冷却系统数值模型，对不同环境中的屏蔽服冷却效果展开研究，分析穿戴冷却屏蔽服时人体躯干部分的温度分布及影响。结果表明:在屏蔽服中靠近胸部、背部部位引入相变材料和风扇，均可帮助人体降低体温，提高舒适度。     

“三线一单”促进四川省高质量发展

过去40年来我国经济建设取得了举世瞩目的成绩,但是也留下了很多生态环境问题。目前我国经济已经由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,但高质量发展缺乏指标体系和具体路径。“三线一单”是一套生态环境分区管控体系,其主要目的是统筹地方社会经济与环境保护的矛盾,促进经济结构转型。四川省在“三线一单”编制过程中,通过建立指标体系从生态环境保护的角度为地区高质量发展提供了量化标准,通过差异化管控要求为地区高质量发展提供了具体路径,从生态环境角度助力高质量发展。     

神农架大九湖后生浮游动物群落结构和水质评价

大九湖是南水北调中线工程的重要水源涵养地之一。为了解实施生态修复工程后浮游动物群落结构特征及水质污染情况，于2014年11月（枯水期）、2015年5月（平水期）和9月（丰水期）进行了3次采样调查。研究表明:共检出后生浮游动物36种，其中桡足类2种、枝角类5种和轮虫29种，轮虫丰度在3次采样中均占总丰度的80%以上，仅有的几种枝角类和桡足类也是小型种类或以幼体为主。11月优势种是寡污-β中污型-螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）和晶囊轮虫（Asplachna sp.）；5月优势种为寡污-β中污和β中污型-螺形龟甲轮虫、迈氏三肢轮虫（Filinia maior）、无棘螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis tecta）、广生多肢轮虫（Polyarthra vulgaris）和萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）；9月优势种是β-中污型-裂足臂尾轮虫（Brachionus diversicornis）、迈氏三肢轮虫和剪形臂尾轮虫（Brachionus forficula）。冗余分析（RDA）表明高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)是影响后生浮游动物污染类型分布的最关键环境因子。 关键词： 大九湖；后生浮游动物；污染类型；高山湿地湖泊